Ming dynasty

Ming dynasty

this is what China look like now from 1949














this is the map of China during Ming Dynaty in 1368-1644











Intro

Ming dynasty began in 1368 and last to 1644, which also known for period of time when china rule between 2 conquests. The founder of this dynasty was peasant which later became the Emperor in China. He was known as Hongwu Emperor which means vast military. Moreover he is the one who led the revolt against Mongol and Manchu dynasty.


Science and technology

Many Encyclopedias had been written such as, geography, music and medicine. Dictionaries were also written; the one that had the most influence on the future was written in 1615 A.D
These are some examples:

Compendium of Materia Medica

This is one of the great medical works of classical China. It is a 1596 pharmaceutical text written by the Ming dynasty physician Li Shizhen. He completed the first draft of the text in 1578, after readings of 800 other medical reference books and carrying out 30 years of field study.

















Exploitation of the Works of Nature

It was written by famous Chinese scientist
Song Yingxing (1587-1663) in the Ming dynasty. “Exploitation of the Works of Nature” (known as Tian Gong Kai Wu in Chinese), which was published in 1637, was Song's representative work.

Economy

Since the very beginning of Ming dynasty, money had become a serious problem. The lands were ruined the Mongol, during the war, and by the corrupted of the local government. Furthermore, the most damage event seems to be disaster in last year of Mongol reign. More money was being use for repairing after disaster and cleans up the damage. Therefore, the local government tried obtains the most possible amount of taxes from people with out relying on the local gentry. People began to suffer from the outweigh taxes; and this is the result from the weakness of the later Emperor of Ming Dynasty. Many manufactories became less and less, because more people desire of having private business. The corrupted of the government also brought rebellions; some of them were led by religion leaders. However, most were economically determined such as the miners uprising of Deng Maoqi in 1448 and the rebellion of Li Zicheng that eventually lead to the end of Ming Dynasty.


-money

Ealier inthe dynasty, the paper currency was being use. Late on in 1425, Hongwu had given out so much paper money as a reward, and the currency was worth 1/70 of the original value. Therefore, this brought the return to the use of copper coins. However, government did not make enough coins and coins also cause a problem in counting. Thus each province was required to make their own coins. In result, this caused the values of the money to be declined.


the Government

• The pattern of government institution has been the same for 200 years. However, each dynasty does have special offices and bureaus for certain purpose. Same as the Ming dynasty, it followed this pattern the Grand Secretariat assisted the emperor, besides are the Six Ministries for Personnel, Revenue , Rites , War , Justice , and Public Works , under the Department of State Affairs. The Censorate surveying the work of imperial officials was also an old institution with a new name Dukes and the Three Minor Solitaries sangu.
  
  
  trade
  The chinese often export more than import. They export things suchh as copper coins silk thread, porcelain, handicrafts, and some invention like compass, gunpowder, pringting and magnet. The countries that they trade with were including japan south east Asia countrie, and especially the West.
  
  

Religion of philosophy

After established the Ming dynasty, Hongwu he drew up regulations that treated the Three Doctrines fairly, with Confucianism as the leading school. In contrast, other emperors most believe in Daosim, and among the entire emperor in Ming dynasty, Shizong was the one who closest to the Daoism in the term of worshipping. His talent in writing the Qinci, which is a part of Daoist rites, also helped him to choosing and promoting his official.

Invention

Most of the chinese inventions often not invented in ming dynasty, but it did developed in ming. the famous inventions were mostly about medical.Such as Acupuncture chart, which is used to show certain points along the body's meridians, which correspond to the flow of energy in various body systems. later on in17 th it was also bring introduced to europe.

Social change

In this period of time, it was noted for outweigh population, which contained of 100 million people. This happened because, chinese people believe that the bigger the population the stronger the nation. Chinese people also believe that they have created the most perfect civilization on earth, due to the reason that their advance in technology and art which are sumbolized civilization.

Perhaps the most popular accomplishment of Ming dynasty is the construction of the Great Wall of China, which is now one of the seven wonder of the world. Even though, the Great Wall had been build earlier in time but most of the Wall that we’ve seen today was either built or repaired by Ming. For example they enlarge the brick works, redesign the watch tower and replace the cannon.


Arts
This period was important especially in the arts, can be called that it was completion of Chinese art that is known to the West. One of the great culture developments in the time of mind dynasty was the novel, which developed from the writing of the story teller. Nowadays, some of the best known Chinese novels are stilling read.

Four master piece of Ming dynasty

The Romance of the three kingdoms
: Written by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. It is the most popular historical novel in China

Outlaws of Marsh
: written by Shi Nai'an in the early Ming Dynasty. Like “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms'” it was also based on folk legends as well.

Pilgrim to the West
:Pilgrim to the West, the most brilliant Chinese mythological novel, came out in the mid Ming Dynasty. It was written by Wu Cheng'en (c. 1500-c. 1582).

Jin Ping Mei (The Golden Lotus)
Jin Ping Mei (The Golden Lotus) is the first novel composed entirely by a scholar. It is thought to have been completed during the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. The author's name was given as Lanling-xiao-xiao-sheng (a laughing scholar from Lanling).

the forbidden city

In addition, another success of Ming in art would be the Forbidden City, which is the huge palace of the third Emperor of Ming dynasty “Motto Yongle.” it was built in 1402.

Ming porcelain



With the unique and remarkable design porcelain of Ming dynasty had become very famous through the West and China itself. The best pieces of porcelain were used as a gift among emperors. The people ware porcelains were for export to the West and the Kraak porcelain were mad for the Portuguese and Dutch market

Time line

1..,+'*'+> During 1,368 1,399 A.D.<+'*'+,.

Zhu Yuan Zhang made Jin Ling his capital. He attacked Yuan Dynasty and forced the Mongols to flee to Kai Ping (1,368 A.D.) and later on to He Lin (1,369 A.D.) He Set up a puppet government in Korea (1,398 A.D.)

2.,+'*'=>During · 1370 -1398 AD<.,+'*'=,.

the Agricultural Revolution
The revolution was between 1370 and 1398. This was happened though Hongwu’s aggressive agricultural project, which was to rebuild Chinese economy that had been ruined by the Mongols leader.The Ming, introduced the use of Champa rice from Southeast Asia. It was less nutrition than the Chinese rice, but produced much larger harvest. In addition, he also ordered the peasants to reforest 50 billion trees. In return, this event replenished both the timber and the food supply.

3.,+'*'+>During 1,573 1,620 A.D<+'*'.,

During 1,621 1,6Missionaries Matteo Ricci and Lazaro Cantteo came to China in 1581. Japan invaded Korea (1,592 A.D.). China helped Korea to expel the Japanese (1,599 A.D.). Missionaries Nicolas Trigault (1,609) and Alvarus de Semedo (1,613) came to China. Manchurian leader, Qing Tai Zu crowned himself king (1,616 A.D.). Nanjing Missionary Case(1616 A.D.)- Clash between Chinese practice of ancestor worship and Catholic doctrine lead to deportation of foreign missionaries. Missionary John Aaden Scall von Bell came to China.28A.D

4..,+'*'+>During 1,621 1,628 A.D<+'*+.,

The Manchurians occupied Shen Yang, and made Liao Yang their capital. Moreover, during that time the was the Rebellion of Li Zicheng (1,621 A.D.). Additionally ther was Chistian Conference which was to discuss about Christian terminology and practices.

Leader

The Hongwu emperor

Hong wu means Vast military. Personal name is Zhu Yuan Zhang. He is one of the Founders of Ming Dynasty, and the first emperor of Ming. He is also known as Emperor Tai Zu. He was the one who defeated two conquests, The Mongol, and Yuan Dynasty. He established Ming dynasty and make himself title “Son of Heaven.”
He ruled Ming from 1368 to 1398. He is known for one of the greatest emperor in China. At first, Hongwu was peasant before he became the emperor. Therefore, in his reign, he lowers the taxes down especially for the workers and peasants.

the Yongle emperor

He was the third emperor of Ming dynasty. He ruled from 1402 to1424. He is sometime called the “Second Founding.” His era name Yongle means "Perpetually Jubilant." He also can be counted as one of the greatest emperor of Ming dynasty and among the Chinese emperor. He was the prince of Yan, the son the great emperor Hongwu. Unlike his father emperor Hongwu. Unlike his father, Zhu Di or Yongle grew up as a prince,in a loving, caring environment. He possessed a heavy military base in Beijing. Later on known as Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, and become the emperor after the civil war.

summary

- earlier in dynasty the economy was pretty bad because of the war with two conquests

-golden Age, known for art; novels handicraft, inventions..etc

-great emperors of Ming dynasty, Hongwu 1st emperor and his son Yongle the 3rd emperor

-successful in trade with the West, export more than import. problem in money currency

- weakness of emperor and local government, resulted in corrupted of the economy

-most of the emperor in Ming dynasty are close to the Daoism

Bibliography

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/TEXT/111/unit8.rtf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty
http://www.chinahighlights.com/map/map_ancient_china.htm
http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/zhenhe/132313.htm
: http://www.virtualology.com/china/mingdynasty.org/
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/later_imperial_china/ming.html
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Ming/ming-tech.html
http://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/1710
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ming/hd_ming.htm
http://www.chinavoc.com/history/ming.htm
http://www.yutopian.com/history/ming.html
http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_artqa/2003-09/24/content_41834.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongzhi_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor